Dr Eric Schluessel

My current research concerns the grassroots social and economic history of Xinjiang (East Turkestan), particularly the ways that ordinary farmers, artisans, and merchants navigated the reorientation of the region's economy towards South, Central, and East Asia from the mid-nineteenth century through the early PRC. I explore in particular the ways that Chinese merchants came to control sectors of the economy that were deeply embedded in Islamic piety, and how local actors and institutions then adapted to newly dominant practices of exchange. Much of this work is heavily empirical in that it involves extracting basic information about things like the locations of markets from sources in Chinese, Chaghatay, Manchu, and other languages.

Relatedly, I am working on a monograph revisiting the origins of the so-called 'Muslim uprisings' of 1864. That year, a series of revolts across Xinjiang weakened Qing control. In the vacuum of Qing power, multiple local leaders, most of them longtime Qing loyalists, competed to establish legitimate states. Standard accounts of the rapid outbreak of violence focus on secret conspiracies and use people's identities or origins to explain their actions. My project looks back at the social roots of each event and centers the importance of religion and ritual in motivating and shaping conflict. By looking closely at how local actors mobilized their constituencies for violence, we can illuminate much about patterns of social organization, practices of securing and maintaining loyalty, and ideas of legitimacy that were largely invisible to the central Qing state.

This work builds on my first monograph, Land of Strangers: The Civilizing Project in Qing Central Asia (Columbia University Press, 2020), which won the Fairbank Prize for East Asian History in 2021. Land of Strangers explores the aftermath of a three-decade-long project to transform the Turkic-speaking Muslims of Xinjiang into Chinese-speaking Confucians in the wake of the Muslim uprisings. Subsequently, I published a translation of a key Uyghur historical work that discusses the uprisings and postwar reconstruction from a local perspective, Musa Sayrami's Tarikh-i Ḥamidi (Columbia University Press, 2023). I was also proud to co-edit the volume Community Still Matters: Uyghur Culture and Society in Central Asian Context (NIAS Press, 2022) with Dr. Aysima Mirsultan and Dr. Eset Sulaiman.

I also frequently translate from Chinese, Uyghur, and Chaghatay. I teach the latter language, which was one of the common languages of Central Asia from the 1400s into the 1950s, using my textbook, An Introduction to Chaghatay: A Graded Textbook for Reading Central Asian Sources (2018).